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This calculator uses the Resting Energy Requirement (RER) formula established by the National Research Council (NRC): RER = 70 × (body weight in kg)^0.75. This allometric scaling formula accounts for the nonlinear relationship between body size and metabolic rate. The Maintenance Energy Requirement (MER) is calculated by multiplying RER by a life-stage activity factor based on guidelines from the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) and veterinary nutrition textbooks. Factors range from 1.0 (weight loss) to 3.0 (growing puppy under 4 months). Daily food amount is determined by dividing MER by the food's caloric density (kcal per gram or cup), which should be obtained from the pet food label. Data sources: NRC Nutrient Requirements of Dogs (2006), AAFCO Dog Food Nutrient Profiles, Veterinary clinical nutrition textbooks (Hand et al., Small Animal Clinical Nutrition). Limitations: These are population-based estimates. Individual dogs may need 10-30% more or less depending on breed, metabolism, environment, and health conditions. Always monitor body condition score and adjust portions accordingly. Consult your veterinarian for dogs with medical conditions.