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This calculator uses the Mifflin-St Jeor equation (1990), widely considered the most accurate predictive equation for basal metabolic rate (BMR) in healthy adults. The formulas are: Males: BMR = (10 × weight in kg) + (6.25 × height in cm) - (5 × age in years) + 5. Females: BMR = (10 × weight in kg) + (6.25 × height in cm) - (5 × age in years) - 161. Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE) is calculated by multiplying BMR by a Physical Activity Level (PAL) factor: Sedentary (1.2), Lightly Active (1.375), Moderately Active (1.55), Very Active (1.725), Extra Active (1.9). Macronutrient breakdowns use standard nutritional guidelines: Protein provides 4 kcal/g, carbohydrates provide 4 kcal/g, and fat provides 9 kcal/g. Data sources: Mifflin MD, St Jeor ST, et al. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (1990). Activity factors from WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation on Human Energy Requirements (2004). Limitations: The equation is accurate within approximately 10% for most adults but may be less accurate for very muscular individuals, the morbidly obese, or the very elderly. Individual metabolic rate varies based on genetics, hormones, body composition, and other factors not captured in predictive equations.